How to plot displacement over a length in Abaqus?

Create a path (Viewer-->Tools-->Path-->select points) by selecting nodes along the line you want to use as x-axis of the plot. Now extract xy data along that path (Viewer-->output-->create xy-data-->path).

To write the data to an ASCII file, use 'report'->XY data.

How to increase the attempt number per increment in ABAQUS?

Special thanks to Thomas Ha  at Technical University Darmstadt

The default parameter of attempts per increment is 5. You can increase the number in CAE by clicking on:

Model ==> Steps ==> "Step-1" (or how you called the step after the initial step with the loads) in the model tree on the left with double-click

==> the menu bar on the top changes ==> click on "Other" ==> "General Solution Controls" ==> "Edit" ==> "Step-1" (or the other name)

==> "Specify" ==> "Time Incrementation" => "more" (the first of the three) ==> parameter "IA" ==> increase this parameter (in my calculation, I took 30)